Genética

¿Qué consideraciones éticas debemos tener en cuenta ante un riesgo genético?

A medida que la secuenciación completa del genoma es cada día más habitual, los genetistas tendrán que tratar con tres cuestiones éticas
señaladas en The Conversation por Carwyn Hooper, especialista en ética médica en la Universidad de Londres.

Hallazgos incidentales, confidencialidad y responsabilidad necesitan cada vez más ser tenidas en cuenta debido a que el uso generalizado de la
secuenciación del genoma completo llevará a  incrementos sustanciales en la prevalencia de resultados inesperados que no tienen relación con el
propósito del test, pero que pueden ser relevantes clínicamente.

Cuando existe incertidumbre sobre los riesgos que un hallazgo incidental pudiera conllevar, Hooper sugiere que sería aceptable evitar informar a
los pacientes sobre el riesgo de una enfermedad, incluso si es una variante clínicamente tratable.

Cómo reacciona la gente cuando conocen un riesgo genético trae consigo un elemento de responsabilidad, aclara Hooper.

Desarrollar una enfermedad genética es considerado normalmente una situación de mala suerte. Hooper expresa que la gente que sabe que está
en riesgo de una enfermedad genética y no intenta cambiar lo que está en su mano para eliminar ese riesgo, convertirá su situación en un asunto
de responsabilidad, y no de mala suerte.

En favor de una responsabilidad reproductiva, esto podría llevar a padres a someterse a secuenciación para determinar el riesgo de trasmitir
ciertas variantes de enfermedades, y si ese es el caso, someterse a diagnóstico genético preimplantacional. Hooper añade que los padres que
rehúsen realizar el test podrían ser responsables si sus niños desarrollan una enfermedad genética.

“Como con toda la tecnología, existen potenciales riesgos así como beneficios” afirma Hooper. “Por un lado podríamos reducir significativamente
el impacto negativo que los genes tienen en nuestra salud.

Por el otro, podríamos estar un paso más cerca de hacer realidad el tipo de distopía de Gattaca y Brave New World.”

Fuente

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